This information is then relayed to neurons in another region of the brainstem called the parabrachial nucleus, which also receives information related to pain and certain aversive or traumatic memories. In this study, a multidisciplinary group consisting of neurobiologists and immunologists from the Institut Pasteur, Inserm and the CNRS discovered a novel circuit used by the brain to measure inflammation levels in the blood and, in response to this, regulate inflammation.Ī region of the brainstem known as the vagal complex directly detects levels and types of inflammatory hormones in the bloodstream. This state is associated with behavioral changes including social avoidance and lethargy, metabolic adjustments such as fever and loss of appetite, and the release of hormones such as cortisone, to increase resistance to infection while also regulating immune responses. In response to this signal, the brain triggers a complex reaction known as "sickness behavior" whose purpose is to reassign energy to the body's different systems. This process involves the release of pro-inflammatory mediators that inform the brain of the body's immune status and coordinate the immune response. Whenever infections or injuries occur, the immune system is triggered to control the infection and repair damaged tissue.
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